Took me a while to figure out why the forum was saying there was a new post when there wasn't any new comments. Turns out that is what happens when OP edits OP.
As for router, ouch. TP-link. Not only might they be banned in the US because they possible phone home to China(where they are made) but they hide some of their features behind the paywall for their Homeshield product. Most of the advanced settings require the app which requires a TP-link account. I don't see any way to customize the firewall at all, never mind a IPv6 firewall. Maybe something in Homeshield?
So not only is this not a Cox issue, but I think you are lacking the right hardware and understanding. I was hoping it was going to be something simple you are overlooking, but that doesn't seem the case. I suggest posting this question on Reddit. On either Cox's sub or r/Homenetworking. Since it's not Cox related and not within scope(and I don't really have any good ideas) I won't be able to help, but maybe someone else here can. Good luck.
::edit:: 1 thing I do want to mention again is to test things direct to the CM700 modem to rule out any ISP issues.
::edit 2:: If/when you replace the router, you may want to replace the modem too. Most/all Cox infrastructure is DOCSIS 3.1 compatible, and even if you don't sign up for the faster speed, a D3.1 modem would give you more consistent speed and possibly higher upload speeds. It might also help with latency issues because D3.1 added latency improvements and the CM700(and ALL 32x8 D3.0 modems) were known for a latency bug relating to the Puma CPU inside.