Work From Home/Port Forwarding Issue

I'm sorry you had to bother your boss, but this is good info because it rules out any user error.

I suppose next is to concentrate on the Pano router.  Did you follow widermouthopen's recommendation to put the router into Bridge Mode and directly connect via a LAN port.  I'll assume...you may need to check me here...there is no WAN port on the Pano.  If there is a WAN port, connect to it instead.

It seemed like it did. I was able to reload a couple of pages and pull up Google without getting any errors. I tried using the telnet command in Command Prompt and usually if I have no internet connection it will immediately say connection failed, but it took it's time thinking before saying the connection failed.

You said your boss also subscribes to Cox.  Does he have a Pano unit as well?

You are successfully logging into the server...or after attempting to login...you get the connection error?

When you set up your connection with Azure, did the 3rd-party company provide the following info?
 - Connection Type
 - Server
 - Authentication Type
 - Username
 - Password
 - Database Name

Perhaps a coworker could also verify the information.

When I start Azure Data Studio, I have to set up the connection and login from the same screen. My guess is it first tries to verify that the connection to the server (where I enter in the port and address) is correct/open/allowed and then verifies that my login username and password are correct. In office, I have no issues because my IP is allowed to access the server and my login info is correct. From home, it is not able to connect to the server (even though my IP from home is allowed to connect), so it doesn't even get to if my login is correct.

Yes, all the information is correct. I am able to access the db server from work, and we verified everything from the 3rd party company early on because we needed access to it from the office. It's not a typo either - I'm just copy and pasting.

I'd think the connection info from work would be different because work is a trusted domain.

Could the company...or a coworker...verify your connection info from home?

It may be the same...I don't know...but let's not assume.

Also...is your Azure software up-to-date?  It looks like October is the latest version.

Yeah, the info is all the same. The info works for my boss when he is at home and there was no change to it. The 3rd part company said the login info would work the same because we are just connecting to the server and then accessing it with our login info. The server will only allow connections to it from a "trusted source" which is why they have to white list our IPs. I first downloaded ADS in November because our implementation of the new ERP started mid-October.

I'm in office right now, so I'll check it when I get home. Thank you both for your help so far, and I'll keep you updated.

We love corrective updates!

Okay, so, I did it according to the article WiderMouthOpen added, and I think I did it right, but enabling bridge mode did not work at all. *sad face* Thank you guys for all of your help! 

in Bridge Mode, did your laptop have basic Internet connectivity?

Taking some time is good because it appears your request actually traveled to the remote server.

Perhaps your firewall blocked the port.  Any entries in the log of your firewall(s) about this remote IP address?

What would be the best way for me to check that? Sorry, networking is not my strong suit. My boss suggested taking my laptop home with him so he could see if it will work on his network. If it does work, then the problem is with my home network because he is able to connect from his home.

Depends on your OS and if you have any 3rd-party firewall(s) installed.

Boss-test is okay but don't you want to learn some networking?

My laptop is Windows 10 and I don't believe, besides the default Cox settings, I have no 3rd party firewalls installed.

Yeah, I'd like to learn something. It was just something he suggested to make sure that it was a problem with my network rather than just if I left my office network. 

Can you telnet to the server from work?

Yes

I don't mean connecting to the server via Azure...but launching a command prompt and connecting via telnet by the IP and port of the server.

Yes, it works and has worked from my office in the past

Okay.  Your computer isn't blocking the port, so no need to review your firewall logs, which seems to quite involved on Windows 10.

If your Pano is in Bridge Mode, it shouldn't be blocking it.  Port 50135 is a private port, so Cox shouldn't be blocking it.

Something is amiss.

Agreed. The support case that we started with the 3rd party company has yet to be answered with any other suggestions as to what to do, but, in theory, I should have been able to access it someway somehow at this point.

The only thing I can think of is if you subscribe to a private VPN service at home.  However, the VPN software to "hide" your data would either be installed on your computer or router.

Your Pano router is off so this rules out the router.  Unless you have VPN software on the computer for only your Cox connection at home, i don't know what else would be "tunneling" your data.

Nope, no other VPN.