you can not use your old RG59 cable to receive OTA digital channels
Since you're in the lucky, Phoenix-area, test-site; I'll assume you tested an RG59 cable.
Technically, RG59 should work. Antenna cable was designed to receive signals from 54-890 MHz and broadcasts nowadays are almost exclusively 174-308 MHz, so RG59 should handle the bitrates on the 6 MHz channels. I thought the design of ATSC 3.0 was to put an UHD picture into the same 6 MHz of spectrum?
If you did test an RG59 cable and it failed, I'd suspect the cable was just old, damaged or corroded. When was in made...70s, 80s?